Chithunzi 1. Pakuzungulira kozungulira muzitsulo zowongoka, zophimbidwa ndi koyilo, m'mphepete mwake "ma curls" kutsogolo kwa mipukutu yopindika. .
Aliyense pa ntchito yopanga zitsulo mwina amadziwa bwino makina osindikizira, kaya ndizitsulo zoyamba, katatu-roll double-clamp, geometry yomasulira katatu, kapena mitundu inayi. ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: amagudubuza mapepala ndi mapepala mopingasa.
Njira yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo kupukuta molunjika.Monga njira zina, kupukusa molunjika kuli ndi malire ake komanso ubwino wake. Ubwino umenewu nthawi zambiri umathetsa chimodzi mwa zovuta ziwirizi.Imodzi ndi chikoka cha mphamvu yokoka pa workpiece panthawi yogubuduza, ndi china ndi kutsika kwachangu kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito.Kuwongolera zonse kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake kumawonjezera mpikisano wa opanga.
Ukadaulo wogubuduza wowongoka si wachilendo. Mizu yake imabwerera kuzinthu zingapo zomwe zidamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970. Pofika zaka za m'ma 1990, omanga makina ena amapereka mphero zowongoka ngati mzere wokhazikika wa mankhwala. gawo la kupanga matanki.
Matanki wamba ndi matumba omwe amapangidwa molunjika amaphatikizapo akasinja ndi zotengera zakudya ndi zakumwa, mkaka, vinyo, mowa, ndi mafakitale ogulitsa mankhwala;Matanki osungira mafuta a API;ndi matanki owotcherera a ulimi kapena kusunga madzi.nthawi zambiri amapanga mapindikidwe apamwamba kwambiri;ndipo imadyetsa bwino magawo otsatirawa a kupanga, kuyanjanitsa, ndi kuwotcherera.
Ubwino wina umabwera pamene mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu imakhala yochepa.Kusungirako molunjika kwa matabwa kapena mapepala kumafuna mamita ochepa kwambiri kuposa matabwa kapena mapepala osungidwa pamalo athyathyathya.
Ganizirani za sitolo yomwe imagudubuza zipolopolo (kapena "njira") za matanki akuluakulu ozungulira pamtunda. , chipolopolocho chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zowumitsa kapena zolimbitsa thupi, kapena chiyenera kuzunguliridwa kuti chikhale choyimirira.
Kuchuluka kotereku-kudyetsa pepala kuchokera pamalo opingasa kupita ku mipukutu yopingasa, yomwe imachotsedwa ndi kupendekeka kuti ipangidwe pambuyo pa kugubuduza-ikhoza kupanga zovuta zosiyanasiyana zopanga. Mapepala amadyetsedwa ndi kukulungidwa molunjika, amamatira, kenaka amakwezedwa molunjika kupita ku ntchito ina. Ikagubuduza molunjika, chipolopolo cha thanki sichilimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka ndipo sichigwa pansi pa kulemera kwake.
Kugubuduza kwina kwina kumachitika pamakina amipukutu anayi, makamaka akasinja ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono (nthawi zambiri osakwana 8 mapazi m'mimba mwake) omwe amatumizidwa kumunsi ndikugwira ntchito molunjika. kumene mipukutu imagwira mbale), yomwe imatchulidwa kwambiri pazipolopolo zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Zitini zambiri zimakulungidwa molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito makina a geometry a mipukutu iwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala opanda kanthu kapena kudyetsedwa kuchokera ku koyilo (njira yomwe ikukula kwambiri). Iwo amasintha ma rollers opindika pamene nsonga yotsogolera ya koyiloyo ikukhudzana, ndiyeno imasinthanso pamene koyiloyo ikupitiriza kudyetsa. ndipo woyendetsa amasuntha ma rollers kuti apangitse kupindika kochulukirapo kuti abwezere.
Springback imasiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi mtundu wa koyilo. Kuzama kwa mkati (ID) kwa koyilo ndikofunikira. Zinthu zina zonse kukhala zofanana, koyilo ya mainchesi 20. Poyerekeza ndi bala lomwelo ndi mainchesi 26, ID imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imawonetsa chachikulu rebound.ID.
Chithunzi 2. Kupukusa molunjika kwakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyika matanki ambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito crane, njirayi nthawi zambiri imayamba ndi njira yapamwamba ndikupita kumunsi.
Komabe, dziwani kuti kugudubuzika kwa mphika woyima kumasiyana kwambiri ndi kugudubuza mbale yokhuthala panjira yopingasa. Pomaliza, woyendetsa amayesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti m'mphepete mwa mzerewo akufanana ndendende kumapeto kwa kugudubuza. ma diameters sakonzedwanso mosavuta.
Popanga chipolopolo cha thanki chokhala ndi mipukutu yowongoka, wogwiritsa ntchito sangalole kuti m'mphepete mwake kukumana kumapeto kwa kugudubuza, chifukwa, ndithudi, pepalalo limachokera ku koyilo. Pamakina awa, koyiloyo imakulungidwa kukhala bwalo lathunthu musanapindire mipukutuyo kenako ndikudulidwa ikamaliza (onani Chithunzi 1). Zitatha izi, m'mphepete mwa mzere wodulidwa kumene umadulidwa. kukankhidwira kutsogolo kutsogolo, kutetezedwa, ndiyeno kuwotcherera kuti apange chipolopolo chopindika.
Kupinda koyambirira ndi kugubuduzanso m'magawo ambiri odyetserako coil sikuthandiza, kutanthauza kuti nsonga zawo zotsogola ndi zotsatizana zimakhala ndi magawo ogwetsa omwe nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa (mofanana ndi magawo osapindika osapindika m'magawo osagwirizana ndi ma coil). onani zinyalala ngati mtengo wocheperako kuti mulipire zonse zogwirira ntchito zolimba zomwe mipukutu yowongoka imawapatsa.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ena ogwira ntchito amafuna kupindula kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe ali nazo, choncho amasankha makina osakanikirana a roller leveler.Izi ndi zofanana ndi zowongoka zinayi pazitsulo zopangira koyilo, zomwe zimangogwedezeka.Kukonzekera kofala kumaphatikizapo zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. zowongoka khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mipukutu yosagwira ntchito, yowongoka, ndi yopindika.Wowongokawo amangochepetsa gawo loponyera zidutswa pa chipolopolo, komanso amawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa dongosolo;ndiko kuti, dongosololi limatha kupanga osati magawo ogubuduzika okha, komanso ma billets athyathyathya.
Ukadaulo wowongolera sungathe kutengera zotsatira za njira zokulirapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwirira ntchito, koma zimatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosalala kuti zitha kudulidwa ndi laser kapena plasma.
Tangoganizani woyendetsa chipolopolo cha gawo la thanki akulandira kuyitanidwa kwa magawo angapo a tebulo lodulira madzi a m'magazi. M'malo mwake, chowongoleracho chimadyetsa zinthu zathyathyathya zomwe zimatha kudulidwa mpaka kutalika komwe mukufuna, ndikupanga chopanda kanthu chodulira plasma.
Pambuyo podula zipolopolo zingapo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakonzanso makinawo kuti ayambitsenso zipolopolo za thanki.
M'madera ambiri opangira mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, opanga amafuna kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa masitolo ogulitsa kuti athetse komanso kuchepetsa kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa kumunda. zovuta zakuthupi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zomwe zimabweretsa.
Kugwira ntchito pamalo ogwirira ntchito, mipukutu yoyimirira imathandizira kagwiridwe ka zinthu ndikufewetsa njira yonse yopangira matanki (onani Chithunzi 2). Ndikosavuta kunyamula koyilo yachitsulo kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito kusiyana ndi kutulutsa zigawo zazikulu zingapo pagulu. , kugudubuzika pamalo kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale matanki akulu akulu kwambiri amatha kupangidwa ndi weld imodzi yokha yowotcherera.
Kubweretsa leveler kumunda kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kochulukira mu ntchito zamunda.Ichi ndi chisankho chofala pakupanga tanki pamalopo, pomwe magwiridwe antchito owonjezera amalola opanga kupanga ma tanki kapena pansi pamalopo kuchokera ku koyilo yowongoka, ndikuchotsa mayendedwe pakati pa shopu. ndi tsamba la ntchito.
Chithunzi 3. Mipukutu ina yowongoka imaphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe opangira tanki pamalopo. Jack amakweza njira yomwe idakulungidwa kale m'mwamba popanda kufunikira kwa crane.
Ntchito zina zam'munda zimaphatikiza mipukutu yoyimirira kukhala njira yayikulu - kuphatikiza zida zodulira ndi zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma jacks apadera onyamulira-kuchotsa kufunikira kwa crane yapamalo (onani Chithunzi 3).
Thanki yonse imamangidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, koma ntchitoyo imayambira pansi kupita pansi. Umu ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito: Koyilo kapena pepala limadutsa mumipukutu yoyima mainchesi kuchokera pomwe khoma la thanki lili mmunda. Khomalo limadyetsedwa. Zitsogozo zomwe zimanyamula pepala pamene zimadyetsedwa mozungulira mozungulira tanki yonse. Mipukutu yoyimirira imayimitsidwa, malekezero ake amadulidwa, ndipo ma seams oyimirira amaikidwa ndi kuwotcherera. , Jack amakweza chipolopolo chokulungidwa mmwamba.Bwerezani ndondomekoyi kwa chipolopolo chotsatira pansipa.
Ma welds ozungulira adapangidwa pakati pa magawo awiri ogubuduzika, ndipo zidutswa za pamwamba pa thanki zidasonkhanitsidwa pamalo ake - pomwe mawonekedwewo adakhalabe pafupi ndi nthaka ndipo zipolopolo ziwiri zapamwamba zokha zidapangidwa. kukonzekera chipolopolo chotsatira, ndipo ndondomekoyi ikupitirira - zonse popanda kufunikira kwa crane.
Opaleshoniyo ikafika pamzere wotsikitsitsa, mbale zokulirapo zimayamba kusewera.Opanga matanki ena pamasamba amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zokhuthala za 3/8 mpaka 1 inchi, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zolemera kwambiri. kungokhala motalika kwambiri, kotero kuti zigawo zapansizi zidzakhala ndi ma welds ambiri ofukula kulumikiza zigawo za pepala lopindidwa. Mulimonsemo, ndi makina osunthika pamalopo, mapepala amatha kumasulidwa kamodzi ndikukulungidwa pa malo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pomanga thanki.
Dongosolo lomangira tankili limafotokoza bwino momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwiritsidwira ntchito bwino (osachepera mbali) mwa kugubuduza molunjika.Zowonadi, monga momwe zilili ndiukadaulo wina uliwonse, kupukusa molunjika sikupezeka pamapulogalamu onse.Kukwanira kwake kumadalira momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Ganizirani za wopanga amene amaika mpukutu wowongoka wosakhala wa koyilo kuti agwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zambiri mwa zipolopolo zazing'ono zomwe zimafunikira kupindika (kupindika m'mphepete mwa chogwirira ntchito kuti muchepetse kupindika kosapindika). Ntchito izi Ndizotheka mwachikumbumtima pamipukutu yoyima, koma kupindika kolowera koyimirira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zogwirira ntchito, opanga aphatikiza mipukutu yoyimirira kuti asamenyane ndi mphamvu yokoka (kachiwiri kuti apewe kumangirira mabwalo akuluakulu osathandizidwa). bolodi vertically sizikupanga zambiri.
Komanso, ntchito ya asymmetric (ovals ndi mawonekedwe ena osazolowereka) nthawi zambiri imapangidwa bwino pamipukutu yopingasa, yokhala ndi chithandizo chapamwamba ngati ingafunike.Pazifukwa izi, zothandizira zimagwira ntchito zambiri kuposa kungolepheretsa kugwedezeka kwa mphamvu yokoka;amawongolera ntchito mozungulira kuzungulira ndikuthandizira kusunga mawonekedwe asymmetric a workpiece.Vuto lakugwira ntchito yotereyi molunjika likhoza kunyalanyaza phindu lililonse la kupukusa molunjika.
Lingaliro lomwelo limagwiranso ntchito pakugudubuza konyowa.Ma cones ogudubuza amadalira kukangana pakati pa odzigudubuza ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika kosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumalekezero a zodzigudubuza kupita kumalekezero ena. koma pazifukwa zonse, kugubuduza cone molunjika sikungatheke.
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyima kwa makina a geometry a mipukutu itatu nakonso sikuthandiza. M'makinawa, mipukutu iwiri yapansi imasunthira kumanzere ndi kumanja mbali zonse;mpukutu wapamwambawu ukhoza kusinthidwa mmwamba ndi pansi.Zosinthazi zimalola makinawa kupindika ma geometries ovuta ndi zida zopukutira za makulidwe osiyanasiyana.
Posankha makina opangira mbale, ndikofunikira kufufuza ndikuganizira zomwe akufuna kupanga makinawo mosamala komanso mosamalitsa.Mipukutu yowongoka imakhala yochepa kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kuposa mipukutu yachikhalidwe yopingasa, koma pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera imapereka zabwino zazikulu.
Poyerekeza ndi makina opindika opingasa, makina opindika opindika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kapangidwe kake, magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe kake. Komanso, mipukutu nthawi zambiri imakhala yokulirapo kuti ikhale ndi akorona (ndi zozungulira kapena ma hourglass zomwe zimachitika muzogwirira ntchito ngati korona sizili bwino. kusinthidwa ku ntchito yomwe ilipo).Akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zowotchera, zimapanga zinthu zopyapyala za thanki yonse ya sitolo, zomwe sizimapitilira mainchesi 21 m'mimba mwake. yokhala ndi weld imodzi yokha yoyima osati mapanelo atatu kapena kuposerapo.
Apanso, ubwino waukulu wa kugudubuza moyimirira ndikuti thanki kapena chidebe chiyenera kumangidwa molunjika chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka pa zipangizo zoonda (mwachitsanzo, mpaka 1/4 kapena 5/16 inchi). Kupanga kopingasa kudzakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zolimbikitsira kapena zokhazikika kuti zisunge mawonekedwe ozungulira a gawo lopindidwa.
Ubwino weniweni wa mipukutu yowongoka ndikuyendetsa bwino kwa zinthu.Nthawi zochepa zomwe mpanda umafunika kusinthidwa, m'malo mwake ukhoza kuonongeka ndi kukonzedwanso. Ganizirani kufunikira kwakukulu kwa matanki azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, omwe tsopano ali otanganidwa kuposa kale. .Kugwira movutikira kungayambitse zovuta zodzikongoletsera kapena, choipitsitsa, chosanjikiza chophwanyika chomwe chimaphwanyika ndikupanga chinthu choipitsidwa.Mipukutu yoyimilira imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi kudula, kuwotcherera ndi machitidwe omaliza kuti achepetse kugwiritsira ntchito ndi mwayi woipitsidwa.Izi zikachitika, opanga amakolola. ubwino.
FABRICATOR ndi magazini yotsogola ku North America yopanga zitsulo ndi kupanga.Magaziniyi imapereka nkhani, nkhani zaukadaulo komanso mbiri yamilandu zomwe zimathandiza opanga kuti agwire ntchito yawo moyenera.FABRICATOR yakhala ikugwira ntchitoyi kuyambira 1970.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-16-2022